Sabias que el sur de italia fue un tiempo el reino de las dos Sicilias?
- 12 jul 2020
- 2 min de lectura
El Reino de las Dos Sicilias (en italiano; Regno delle Due Sicilie; en napolitano: Regno d"e Ddoje Sicilie; en siciliano: Regnu dî Dui Sicili) fue un estado de la Italia meridional, creado en 1816, que comprendió los territorios de los reinos de Nápoles y Sicilia.1 Sus gobernantes fueron miembros de una rama menor de los Borbones españoles, fundada por Fernando IV de Nápoles y III de Sicilia.
Los antiguos reinos de Sicilia y Nápoles llevaban ligados a la Corona de Aragón desde los siglos XIII y XV, respectivamente. Con el desmembramiento de la Monarquía hispánica en el tratado de Utrecht (1713), esos territorios pasaron a dominio austriaco, pero casi inmediatamente los españoles trataron de recuperarlos, dando lugar a la Guerra de la Cuádruple Alianza. Aprovechando la Guerra de Sucesión polaca, en 1734, Carlos, el entonces duque de Parma y futuro soberano, derrotó a los austriacos con las tropas de su padre el rey Felipe V de España, recuperó estos reinos para su dinastía, y fue reconocido de inmediato por Francia en virtud del Primer Pacto de Familia y en 1737 por los Estados Pontificios y, a continuación, por el resto de los estados italianos.
A la muerte de su hermano Fernando VI de España, Carlos cedió el trono de Nápoles-Sicilia a su hijo Fernando I de Borbón (IV de Nápoles y III de Sicilia) en 1759 para poder ceñirse la corona española. Fernando IV de Nápoles, tras el periplo causado por la Revolución francesa y las Guerras Napoleónicas, regresó al trono napolitano y cambió la denominación Nápoles-Sicilia por la de Reino de las Dos Sicilias en 1816. Su nieto, Francisco II de las Dos Sicilias, perdió el trono en 1860, conquistado por Giuseppe Garibaldi tras la denominada Expedición de los Mil. Con esta conquista, el Reino de las Dos Sicilias dejó de existir como estado independiente.
El origen del nombre Dos Siciliasse remonta a la llegada a Italia de Carlos I de Anjou en 1259, quien recibió Sicilia de la Curia Romana para luchar contra la hegemonía de la dinastía de los Hohenstaufen, del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico en Italia. Después de la revuelta de las Vísperas sicilianas, ocurrida en el año 1282, el reino fue dividido en dos partes: la isla siciliana quedó dominada por los aragoneses y la parte continental por los Anjou. Ambos reyes se arrogaron el título de Rey de Sicilia. De aquí nacieron las denominaciones Regno di Sicilia al di qua del faro (Reino de Sicilia de este lado del faro) y Regno di Sicilia al di là del faro (Reino de Sicilia del otro lado del faro), en referencia alFaro de Mesina.2 En el Congreso de Viena de 1816, se oficializó la unión del Reino de Sicilia y del Reino de Nápoles y Fernando I, hijo deCarlos III de España, utilizó el nombre deDos Siciliaspara denominar el nuevo reino En estos tiempos italia no estaba divida ya que no era un país como lo és ahora... hasta que llegó Giuseppe Garibaldi y unificó Italia. Fuente Wikipedia
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